1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:35,110 foreign 2 00:00:35,110 --> 00:00:35,120 3 00:00:35,120 --> 00:00:36,870 the earthquake that rocked southern 4 00:00:36,870 --> 00:00:36,880 the earthquake that rocked southern 5 00:00:36,880 --> 00:00:39,430 the earthquake that rocked southern california last january caught many by 6 00:00:39,430 --> 00:00:39,440 california last january caught many by 7 00:00:39,440 --> 00:00:42,389 california last january caught many by surprise but dr andrea donnellan a 8 00:00:42,389 --> 00:00:42,399 surprise but dr andrea donnellan a 9 00:00:42,399 --> 00:00:44,950 surprise but dr andrea donnellan a geophysicist from nasa's jet propulsion 10 00:00:44,950 --> 00:00:44,960 geophysicist from nasa's jet propulsion 11 00:00:44,960 --> 00:00:47,750 geophysicist from nasa's jet propulsion laboratory in pasadena actually saw it 12 00:00:47,750 --> 00:00:47,760 laboratory in pasadena actually saw it 13 00:00:47,760 --> 00:00:48,790 laboratory in pasadena actually saw it coming 14 00:00:48,790 --> 00:00:48,800 coming 15 00:00:48,800 --> 00:00:50,470 coming we knew that there was a likelihood of 16 00:00:50,470 --> 00:00:50,480 we knew that there was a likelihood of 17 00:00:50,480 --> 00:00:52,389 we knew that there was a likelihood of an earthquake here on a fault similar to 18 00:00:52,389 --> 00:00:52,399 an earthquake here on a fault similar to 19 00:00:52,399 --> 00:00:54,470 an earthquake here on a fault similar to the one that we saw and we had estimated 20 00:00:54,470 --> 00:00:54,480 the one that we saw and we had estimated 21 00:00:54,480 --> 00:00:55,910 the one that we saw and we had estimated the potential of there being about a 22 00:00:55,910 --> 00:00:55,920 the potential of there being about a 23 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:58,549 the potential of there being about a magnitude 6.4 earthquake so we weren't 24 00:00:58,549 --> 00:00:58,559 magnitude 6.4 earthquake so we weren't 25 00:00:58,559 --> 00:01:00,790 magnitude 6.4 earthquake so we weren't surprised this earthquake occurred 26 00:01:00,790 --> 00:01:00,800 surprised this earthquake occurred 27 00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:02,950 surprised this earthquake occurred dr donald and her colleagues track 28 00:01:02,950 --> 00:01:02,960 dr donald and her colleagues track 29 00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:05,109 dr donald and her colleagues track changes in the earth's crust throughout 30 00:01:05,109 --> 00:01:05,119 changes in the earth's crust throughout 31 00:01:05,119 --> 00:01:07,990 changes in the earth's crust throughout the la area they do it with antennas 32 00:01:07,990 --> 00:01:08,000 the la area they do it with antennas 33 00:01:08,000 --> 00:01:10,390 the la area they do it with antennas like this receiving signals from a 34 00:01:10,390 --> 00:01:10,400 like this receiving signals from a 35 00:01:10,400 --> 00:01:12,710 like this receiving signals from a series of satellites called the global 36 00:01:12,710 --> 00:01:12,720 series of satellites called the global 37 00:01:12,720 --> 00:01:15,750 series of satellites called the global positioning system or gps 38 00:01:15,750 --> 00:01:15,760 positioning system or gps 39 00:01:15,760 --> 00:01:17,830 positioning system or gps it's a navigational system but we use it 40 00:01:17,830 --> 00:01:17,840 it's a navigational system but we use it 41 00:01:17,840 --> 00:01:19,910 it's a navigational system but we use it to very precisely measure motion of the 42 00:01:19,910 --> 00:01:19,920 to very precisely measure motion of the 43 00:01:19,920 --> 00:01:20,950 to very precisely measure motion of the ground 44 00:01:20,950 --> 00:01:20,960 ground 45 00:01:20,960 --> 00:01:22,950 ground and from that the ground is continually 46 00:01:22,950 --> 00:01:22,960 and from that the ground is continually 47 00:01:22,960 --> 00:01:24,469 and from that the ground is continually being squeezed and pushed and we can 48 00:01:24,469 --> 00:01:24,479 being squeezed and pushed and we can 49 00:01:24,479 --> 00:01:26,550 being squeezed and pushed and we can assess earthquake hazard from that 50 00:01:26,550 --> 00:01:26,560 assess earthquake hazard from that 51 00:01:26,560 --> 00:01:29,429 assess earthquake hazard from that her research prior to the january quake 52 00:01:29,429 --> 00:01:29,439 her research prior to the january quake 53 00:01:29,439 --> 00:01:31,670 her research prior to the january quake indicated a buildup of stress along a 54 00:01:31,670 --> 00:01:31,680 indicated a buildup of stress along a 55 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:33,350 indicated a buildup of stress along a fault running through the northridge 56 00:01:33,350 --> 00:01:33,360 fault running through the northridge 57 00:01:33,360 --> 00:01:36,630 fault running through the northridge california area exactly where disaster 58 00:01:36,630 --> 00:01:36,640 california area exactly where disaster 59 00:01:36,640 --> 00:01:38,230 california area exactly where disaster ultimately struck 60 00:01:38,230 --> 00:01:38,240 ultimately struck 61 00:01:38,240 --> 00:01:40,630 ultimately struck one of her goals now is to assess the 62 00:01:40,630 --> 00:01:40,640 one of her goals now is to assess the 63 00:01:40,640 --> 00:01:42,950 one of her goals now is to assess the impact of this northridge quake on 64 00:01:42,950 --> 00:01:42,960 impact of this northridge quake on 65 00:01:42,960 --> 00:01:44,469 impact of this northridge quake on future events 66 00:01:44,469 --> 00:01:44,479 future events 67 00:01:44,479 --> 00:01:46,069 future events studies indicate that the stress 68 00:01:46,069 --> 00:01:46,079 studies indicate that the stress 69 00:01:46,079 --> 00:01:48,069 studies indicate that the stress increased along the ventura basin which 70 00:01:48,069 --> 00:01:48,079 increased along the ventura basin which 71 00:01:48,079 --> 00:01:49,670 increased along the ventura basin which is being squeezed close so we want to 72 00:01:49,670 --> 00:01:49,680 is being squeezed close so we want to 73 00:01:49,680 --> 00:01:51,830 is being squeezed close so we want to monitor that region very carefully try 74 00:01:51,830 --> 00:01:51,840 monitor that region very carefully try 75 00:01:51,840 --> 00:01:53,350 monitor that region very carefully try and understand if the earthquake hazard 76 00:01:53,350 --> 00:01:53,360 and understand if the earthquake hazard 77 00:01:53,360 --> 00:01:54,950 and understand if the earthquake hazard has increased there 78 00:01:54,950 --> 00:01:54,960 has increased there 79 00:01:54,960 --> 00:01:57,109 has increased there although they can't predict precisely 80 00:01:57,109 --> 00:01:57,119 although they can't predict precisely 81 00:01:57,119 --> 00:01:59,749 although they can't predict precisely where and when an earthquake will occur 82 00:01:59,749 --> 00:01:59,759 where and when an earthquake will occur 83 00:01:59,759 --> 00:02:01,510 where and when an earthquake will occur dr donald and her colleagues 84 00:02:01,510 --> 00:02:01,520 dr donald and her colleagues 85 00:02:01,520 --> 00:02:03,749 dr donald and her colleagues identification of potential hot spots 86 00:02:03,749 --> 00:02:03,759 identification of potential hot spots 87 00:02:03,759 --> 00:02:05,990 identification of potential hot spots should help focus efforts to shore up 88 00:02:05,990 --> 00:02:06,000 should help focus efforts to shore up 89 00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:08,150 should help focus efforts to shore up buildings and homes so that when the 90 00:02:08,150 --> 00:02:08,160 buildings and homes so that when the 91 00:02:08,160 --> 00:02:55,350 buildings and homes so that when the next one strikes more will survive 92 00:02:55,350 --> 00:02:55,360 93 00:02:55,360 --> 00:03:07,670 so 94 00:03:07,670 --> 00:03:07,680 95 00:03:07,680 --> 00:03:28,790 so 96 00:03:28,790 --> 00:03:28,800 97 00:03:28,800 --> 00:04:37,749 still play here 98 00:04:37,749 --> 00:04:37,759 99 00:04:37,759 --> 00:04:39,590 the seismologist can measure an 100 00:04:39,590 --> 00:04:39,600 the seismologist can measure an 101 00:04:39,600 --> 00:04:41,430 the seismologist can measure an earthquake and see what happened after 102 00:04:41,430 --> 00:04:41,440 earthquake and see what happened after 103 00:04:41,440 --> 00:04:43,830 earthquake and see what happened after the fact but for the first time with gps 104 00:04:43,830 --> 00:04:43,840 the fact but for the first time with gps 105 00:04:43,840 --> 00:04:45,270 the fact but for the first time with gps and other techniques like it we can 106 00:04:45,270 --> 00:04:45,280 and other techniques like it we can 107 00:04:45,280 --> 00:04:47,270 and other techniques like it we can actually measure how the earth is moving 108 00:04:47,270 --> 00:04:47,280 actually measure how the earth is moving 109 00:04:47,280 --> 00:04:48,870 actually measure how the earth is moving and try and assess earthquake hazard 110 00:04:48,870 --> 00:04:48,880 and try and assess earthquake hazard 111 00:04:48,880 --> 00:04:52,710 and try and assess earthquake hazard before the earthquake happens 112 00:04:52,710 --> 00:04:52,720 113 00:04:52,720 --> 00:04:54,629 oh mountain we found out went up 15 114 00:04:54,629 --> 00:04:54,639 oh mountain we found out went up 15 115 00:04:54,639 --> 00:04:55,590 oh mountain we found out went up 15 inches 116 00:04:55,590 --> 00:04:55,600 inches 117 00:04:55,600 --> 00:04:57,510 inches and that means it went up and stayed up 118 00:04:57,510 --> 00:04:57,520 and that means it went up and stayed up 119 00:04:57,520 --> 00:04:59,670 and that means it went up and stayed up 15 inches so the mountain actually grew 120 00:04:59,670 --> 00:04:59,680 15 inches so the mountain actually grew 121 00:04:59,680 --> 00:05:03,590 15 inches so the mountain actually grew and is taller now 122 00:05:03,590 --> 00:05:03,600 123 00:05:03,600 --> 00:05:05,430 the ultimate goal is to help quantify 124 00:05:05,430 --> 00:05:05,440 the ultimate goal is to help quantify 125 00:05:05,440 --> 00:05:07,990 the ultimate goal is to help quantify the earthquake hazard in the la area and 126 00:05:07,990 --> 00:05:08,000 the earthquake hazard in the la area and 127 00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:09,749 the earthquake hazard in the la area and we would like to help prioritize things 128 00:05:09,749 --> 00:05:09,759 we would like to help prioritize things 129 00:05:09,759 --> 00:05:12,230 we would like to help prioritize things like building code retrofits right now 130 00:05:12,230 --> 00:05:12,240 like building code retrofits right now 131 00:05:12,240 --> 00:05:13,749 like building code retrofits right now there's just a blanket if you find a 132 00:05:13,749 --> 00:05:13,759 there's just a blanket if you find a 133 00:05:13,759 --> 00:05:15,270 there's just a blanket if you find a building that needs fixed you fix it 134 00:05:15,270 --> 00:05:15,280 building that needs fixed you fix it 135 00:05:15,280 --> 00:05:17,189 building that needs fixed you fix it there's no priority on one area being 136 00:05:17,189 --> 00:05:17,199 there's no priority on one area being 137 00:05:17,199 --> 00:05:22,550 there's no priority on one area being more hazardous than another 138 00:05:22,550 --> 00:05:22,560 139 00:05:22,560 --> 00:05:24,870 we don't do prediction we do forecasting 140 00:05:24,870 --> 00:05:24,880 we don't do prediction we do forecasting 141 00:05:24,880 --> 00:05:27,430 we don't do prediction we do forecasting so we're looking on 10 or 20 or 50 year 142 00:05:27,430 --> 00:05:27,440 so we're looking on 10 or 20 or 50 year 143 00:05:27,440 --> 00:05:29,510 so we're looking on 10 or 20 or 50 year probabilities of earthquake occurrence 144 00:05:29,510 --> 00:05:29,520 probabilities of earthquake occurrence 145 00:05:29,520 --> 00:05:30,870 probabilities of earthquake occurrence and i do want to point out that we do 146 00:05:30,870 --> 00:05:30,880 and i do want to point out that we do 147 00:05:30,880 --> 00:05:32,230 and i do want to point out that we do this work in conjunction with the 148 00:05:32,230 --> 00:05:32,240 this work in conjunction with the 149 00:05:32,240 --> 00:05:34,469 this work in conjunction with the geologists and the seismologists that 150 00:05:34,469 --> 00:05:34,479 geologists and the seismologists that 151 00:05:34,479 --> 00:05:37,430 geologists and the seismologists that this is one more component to the puzzle 152 00:05:37,430 --> 00:05:37,440 this is one more component to the puzzle 153 00:05:37,440 --> 00:05:38,790 this is one more component to the puzzle but we don't do 154 00:05:38,790 --> 00:05:38,800 but we don't do 155 00:05:38,800 --> 00:06:58,230 but we don't do prediction on a daily basis 156 00:06:58,230 --> 00:06:58,240 157 00:06:58,240 --> 00:07:00,629 you can't just lean back a little bit 158 00:07:00,629 --> 00:07:00,639 you can't just lean back a little bit 159 00:07:00,639 --> 00:07:15,990 you can't just lean back a little bit there you go 160 00:07:15,990 --> 00:07:16,000 161 00:07:16,000 --> 00:07:17,350 and they used to 162 00:07:17,350 --> 00:07:17,360 and they used to 163 00:07:17,360 --> 00:07:18,790 and they used to shine lights across mountains and 164 00:07:18,790 --> 00:07:18,800 shine lights across mountains and 165 00:07:18,800 --> 00:07:20,469 shine lights across mountains and measure angles between mountain peaks 166 00:07:20,469 --> 00:07:20,479 measure angles between mountain peaks 167 00:07:20,479 --> 00:07:22,309 measure angles between mountain peaks that was a very imprecise technique 168 00:07:22,309 --> 00:07:22,319 that was a very imprecise technique 169 00:07:22,319 --> 00:07:27,110 that was a very imprecise technique however this is much more precise 170 00:07:27,110 --> 00:07:27,120 171 00:07:27,120 --> 00:07:28,710 what we're looking for now is the post 172 00:07:28,710 --> 00:07:28,720 what we're looking for now is the post 173 00:07:28,720 --> 00:07:30,790 what we're looking for now is the post seismic relaxation we call it to 174 00:07:30,790 --> 00:07:30,800 seismic relaxation we call it to 175 00:07:30,800 --> 00:07:32,469 seismic relaxation we call it to understand how this fault has affected 176 00:07:32,469 --> 00:07:32,479 understand how this fault has affected 177 00:07:32,479 --> 00:07:37,350 understand how this fault has affected neighboring faults 178 00:07:37,350 --> 00:07:37,360 179 00:07:37,360 --> 00:07:39,029 we're doing that by putting in a network 180 00:07:39,029 --> 00:07:39,039 we're doing that by putting in a network 181 00:07:39,039 --> 00:07:41,350 we're doing that by putting in a network of continuous gps receivers so when 182 00:07:41,350 --> 00:07:41,360 of continuous gps receivers so when 183 00:07:41,360 --> 00:07:42,710 of continuous gps receivers so when there's an earthquake like we had in 184 00:07:42,710 --> 00:07:42,720 there's an earthquake like we had in 185 00:07:42,720 --> 00:07:43,990 there's an earthquake like we had in northridge we don't have to drive a 186 00:07:43,990 --> 00:07:44,000 northridge we don't have to drive a 187 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:46,150 northridge we don't have to drive a truck up here and deploy the receiver we 188 00:07:46,150 --> 00:07:46,160 truck up here and deploy the receiver we 189 00:07:46,160 --> 00:07:47,589 truck up here and deploy the receiver we instantly have data as soon as the 190 00:07:47,589 --> 00:07:47,599 instantly have data as soon as the 191 00:07:47,599 --> 00:07:51,029 instantly have data as soon as the earthquake occurs 192 00:07:51,029 --> 00:07:51,039 193 00:07:51,039 --> 00:07:52,390 so we'd like to see these techniques 194 00:07:52,390 --> 00:07:52,400 so we'd like to see these techniques 195 00:07:52,400 --> 00:07:54,070 so we'd like to see these techniques used in northern california and they are 196 00:07:54,070 --> 00:07:54,080 used in northern california and they are 197 00:07:54,080 --> 00:07:55,589 used in northern california and they are to some extent we'd also like to see 198 00:07:55,589 --> 00:07:55,599 to some extent we'd also like to see 199 00:07:55,599 --> 00:07:57,189 to some extent we'd also like to see them in the pacific northwest and all 200 00:07:57,189 --> 00:07:57,199 them in the pacific northwest and all 201 00:07:57,199 --> 00:07:59,110 them in the pacific northwest and all over the world japan is setting up a 202 00:07:59,110 --> 00:07:59,120 over the world japan is setting up a 203 00:07:59,120 --> 00:08:40,310 over the world japan is setting up a network of 300 stations for example 204 00:08:40,310 --> 00:08:40,320 205 00:08:40,320 --> 00:08:41,990 now the blind thrust fault obviously it 206 00:08:41,990 --> 00:08:42,000 now the blind thrust fault obviously it 207 00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:44,949 now the blind thrust fault obviously it has a tip right about in here right 208 00:08:44,949 --> 00:08:44,959 has a tip right about in here right 209 00:08:44,959 --> 00:08:46,070 has a tip right about in here right roughly 210 00:08:46,070 --> 00:08:46,080 roughly 211 00:08:46,080 --> 00:08:47,990 roughly the coast of the proxy but it extends 212 00:08:47,990 --> 00:08:48,000 the coast of the proxy but it extends 213 00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:50,150 the coast of the proxy but it extends well back 214 00:08:50,150 --> 00:08:50,160 well back 215 00:08:50,160 --> 00:08:51,670 well back where depending where you want to put it 216 00:08:51,670 --> 00:08:51,680 where depending where you want to put it 217 00:08:51,680 --> 00:08:53,590 where depending where you want to put it it stands back at least back that this 218 00:08:53,590 --> 00:08:53,600 it stands back at least back that this 219 00:08:53,600 --> 00:08:55,670 it stands back at least back that this thing is locked or not and that's that's 220 00:08:55,670 --> 00:08:55,680 thing is locked or not and that's that's 221 00:08:55,680 --> 00:08:57,190 thing is locked or not and that's that's the main concern that i have well we can 222 00:08:57,190 --> 00:08:57,200 the main concern that i have well we can 223 00:08:57,200 --> 00:08:58,630 the main concern that i have well we can certainly put sides down here we see 224 00:08:58,630 --> 00:08:58,640 certainly put sides down here we see 225 00:08:58,640 --> 00:09:00,389 certainly put sides down here we see these rotations we also see then the 226 00:09:00,389 --> 00:09:00,399 these rotations we also see then the 227 00:09:00,399 --> 00:09:01,910 these rotations we also see then the displacements are a lot higher on this 228 00:09:01,910 --> 00:09:01,920 displacements are a lot higher on this 229 00:09:01,920 --> 00:09:03,910 displacements are a lot higher on this side okay much smaller here we have a 230 00:09:03,910 --> 00:09:03,920 side okay much smaller here we have a 231 00:09:03,920 --> 00:09:05,990 side okay much smaller here we have a lot higher strength okay so it is so the 232 00:09:05,990 --> 00:09:06,000 lot higher strength okay so it is so the 233 00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:07,350 lot higher strength okay so it is so the polar rotation is somewhere up in here 234 00:09:07,350 --> 00:09:07,360 polar rotation is somewhere up in here 235 00:09:07,360 --> 00:09:09,509 polar rotation is somewhere up in here it's actually here oh really it's really 236 00:09:09,509 --> 00:09:09,519 it's actually here oh really it's really 237 00:09:09,519 --> 00:09:11,670 it's actually here oh really it's really tight okay extremely tight what i'd 238 00:09:11,670 --> 00:09:11,680 tight okay extremely tight what i'd 239 00:09:11,680 --> 00:09:13,910 tight okay extremely tight what i'd really like to know is a is this ramp 240 00:09:13,910 --> 00:09:13,920 really like to know is a is this ramp 241 00:09:13,920 --> 00:09:15,509 really like to know is a is this ramp locked in which case we shouldn't see 242 00:09:15,509 --> 00:09:15,519 locked in which case we shouldn't see 243 00:09:15,519 --> 00:09:17,910 locked in which case we shouldn't see any strand accumulating across it which 244 00:09:17,910 --> 00:09:17,920 any strand accumulating across it which 245 00:09:17,920 --> 00:09:19,750 any strand accumulating across it which it sounds like we'll also see what's 246 00:09:19,750 --> 00:09:19,760 it sounds like we'll also see what's 247 00:09:19,760 --> 00:09:21,509 it sounds like we'll also see what's happening both seismically from here 248 00:09:21,509 --> 00:09:21,519 happening both seismically from here 249 00:09:21,519 --> 00:09:22,630 happening both seismically from here because the 250 00:09:22,630 --> 00:09:22,640 because the 251 00:09:22,640 --> 00:09:24,150 because the largest post seismic motion should be 252 00:09:24,150 --> 00:09:24,160 largest post seismic motion should be 253 00:09:24,160 --> 00:09:25,910 largest post seismic motion should be about a fault dimension away from the 254 00:09:25,910 --> 00:09:25,920 about a fault dimension away from the 255 00:09:25,920 --> 00:09:36,310 about a fault dimension away from the fall so that's perfect okay 256 00:09:36,310 --> 00:09:36,320 257 00:09:36,320 --> 00:09:37,990 one way that i use andrea's data is to 258 00:09:37,990 --> 00:09:38,000 one way that i use andrea's data is to 259 00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:40,310 one way that i use andrea's data is to try to understand whether these faults 260 00:09:40,310 --> 00:09:40,320 try to understand whether these faults 261 00:09:40,320 --> 00:09:41,110 try to understand whether these faults are 262 00:09:41,110 --> 00:09:41,120 are 263 00:09:41,120 --> 00:09:42,150 are slipping 264 00:09:42,150 --> 00:09:42,160 slipping 265 00:09:42,160 --> 00:09:44,790 slipping very slowly but inexorably at depth and 266 00:09:44,790 --> 00:09:44,800 very slowly but inexorably at depth and 267 00:09:44,800 --> 00:09:46,710 very slowly but inexorably at depth and relieving strain that way or whether 268 00:09:46,710 --> 00:09:46,720 relieving strain that way or whether 269 00:09:46,720 --> 00:09:48,870 relieving strain that way or whether they're locked and accumulating strain 270 00:09:48,870 --> 00:09:48,880 they're locked and accumulating strain 271 00:09:48,880 --> 00:09:50,550 they're locked and accumulating strain over over hundreds and thousands of 272 00:09:50,550 --> 00:09:50,560 over over hundreds and thousands of 273 00:09:50,560 --> 00:09:52,310 over over hundreds and thousands of years and eventually that snaps loose as 274 00:09:52,310 --> 00:09:52,320 years and eventually that snaps loose as 275 00:09:52,320 --> 00:09:56,470 years and eventually that snaps loose as an earthquake 276 00:09:56,470 --> 00:09:56,480 277 00:09:56,480 --> 00:09:57,590 there are 278 00:09:57,590 --> 00:09:57,600 there are 279 00:09:57,600 --> 00:09:59,509 there are several faults within the metropolitan 280 00:09:59,509 --> 00:09:59,519 several faults within the metropolitan 281 00:09:59,519 --> 00:10:00,550 several faults within the metropolitan los angeles region that we're 282 00:10:00,550 --> 00:10:00,560 los angeles region that we're 283 00:10:00,560 --> 00:10:02,470 los angeles region that we're particularly concerned about five or six 284 00:10:02,470 --> 00:10:02,480 particularly concerned about five or six 285 00:10:02,480 --> 00:10:04,310 particularly concerned about five or six in particular that potentially could 286 00:10:04,310 --> 00:10:04,320 in particular that potentially could 287 00:10:04,320 --> 00:10:06,310 in particular that potentially could produce very large earthquakes by very 288 00:10:06,310 --> 00:10:06,320 produce very large earthquakes by very 289 00:10:06,320 --> 00:10:07,509 produce very large earthquakes by very large i mean 290 00:10:07,509 --> 00:10:07,519 large i mean 291 00:10:07,519 --> 00:10:09,590 large i mean well in excess of magnitude 7 292 00:10:09,590 --> 00:10:09,600 well in excess of magnitude 7 293 00:10:09,600 --> 00:10:10,870 well in excess of magnitude 7 much much larger than the recent 294 00:10:10,870 --> 00:10:10,880 much much larger than the recent 295 00:10:10,880 --> 00:10:14,069 much much larger than the recent northridge earthquake 296 00:10:14,069 --> 00:10:14,079 297 00:10:14,079 --> 00:10:15,509 we're learning a lot from every new 298 00:10:15,509 --> 00:10:15,519 we're learning a lot from every new 299 00:10:15,519 --> 00:10:17,430 we're learning a lot from every new earthquake and all of these data 300 00:10:17,430 --> 00:10:17,440 earthquake and all of these data 301 00:10:17,440 --> 00:10:19,430 earthquake and all of these data eventually do come out in new building 302 00:10:19,430 --> 00:10:19,440 eventually do come out in new building 303 00:10:19,440 --> 00:10:21,750 eventually do come out in new building codes new building specifications that 304 00:10:21,750 --> 00:10:21,760 codes new building specifications that 305 00:10:21,760 --> 00:10:23,750 codes new building specifications that hopefully will present prevent you know 306 00:10:23,750 --> 00:10:23,760 hopefully will present prevent you know 307 00:10:23,760 --> 00:10:25,750 hopefully will present prevent you know huge economic losses and losses of human 308 00:10:25,750 --> 00:10:25,760 huge economic losses and losses of human 309 00:10:25,760 --> 00:11:03,910 huge economic losses and losses of human life 310 00:11:03,910 --> 00:11:03,920 311 00:11:03,920 --> 00:11:06,000 you